Reblastatin as a neuroprotective agent in temporal lobe epilepsy and excitotoxic conditions of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Previous studies have shown that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors can reduce seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by upregulating excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2, also known as GLT-1). While the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG is effective, its long-term use raises toxicity concerns. This study aimed to identify a safer Hsp90 inhibitor by screening benzenoid ansamycin derivatives for higher binding affinity and lower toxicity. Among nine natural benzenoid ansamycins and their derivatives screened, reblastatin emerged as the top candidate, exhibiting the highest binding affinity to Hsp90. Compared to geldanamycin and 17-AAG, reblastatin demonstrated significantly lower cytotoxicity in HEK293 and HepG2 cells. Like 17-AAG, reblastatin upregulated EAAT2 levels by disrupting the association among Hsp90, EAAT2, and the 20S proteasome. In a kainic acid-induced TLE mouse model, reblastatin reduced seizure frequency by 50%, with long-term treatment showing toxicity comparable to vehicle controls. Additionally, behavioral tests revealed neuroprotective effects of reblastatin in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These findings collectively suggest that reblastatin is a promising Hsp90 inhibitor for treating TLE and excitotoxic conditions associated with neurodegenerative diseases.